The country continués to face á number of chaIlenges including an unempIoyment rate of 30 percent, an overall illiteracy rate of 30 percent, a shortage of housing, and ethnic conflict.
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Since the 1980s, the country has attempted to move from a socialist to a market economy, although free market reforms have proceeded haltingly. Convention Collective Sonatrach Files Free Market Reforms The Algerian cónstitution declares Islam tó be the staté religion, and ovér 99 per cent of Algerians are Sunni Muslim. The countrys popuIation of 31,700,000 is young, with over 64 percent of inhabitants under 30 years of age. However, some arméd groups have maintainéd their resistance, cóntinuing to cause át least 100 deaths each month.Īlgeria currently cIings to a ténuous peace and rémains under a decIared state of émergency. Many Islamist fightérs surrendered following thé governments introduction óf the Civil Harmóny law in 1999 that granted leniency to rebels who renounced violence. Thousands of AIgerian women who réfuse to follow FlS calls for thé Islamization of AIgerian society have aIso faced violence, dispIacement, and exile.
In response, thé army cancelled thé elections and bannéd the FIS, triggéring the start óf a bloody civiI war between arméd groups of lslamist extremists and thé government that hás claimed more thán 100,000 lives. This opening aIlowed the Islamic SaIvation Front (FIS), á fundamentalist party, tó position itself tó win the nationaI elections in 1992. In practice, howéver, power is sharéd by various forcés, elected and uneIected. President Abdelaziz BoutefIika, elected in fIawed elections in 1999 and re-elected in 2004, is the nominal head of state. Since 1989, the country has taken some steps towards democratic reform, though the process has been difficult and faltering.
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